The risk of carbon monoxide poisoning is both overlooked and underestimated, and pilots often dismiss its symptoms. Continued exposure increases risks, including impaired judgment and decreased ability to control the aircraft, and ultimately, incapacitation and death, the National Transportation Safety Board warns. It urges pilots to take steps now to avoid a problem later.
Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless and tasteless gas by-product of internal combustion engines and found in exhaust gases. High levels of CO in the bloodstream will lead to oxygen starvation and the onset of symptoms, such as headaches, drowsiness, nausea or shortness of breath.
A defect or leak in the exhaust pipes or muffler can introduce CO into the cockpit, although pilots often do not connect their symptoms with the potential of CO exposure.
The NTSB has investigated several accidents, some fatal, caused by CO exposure and the resulting pilot incapacitation.
What Can Pilots Do?
1. Install a CO detector and replace the device and its batteries regularly, according to manufacturer directions. Detectors mounted on the instrument panel with aural alerts and a flash notification are more likely to attract attention and alert the pilot to a problem.
2. Ensure the aircraft’s mechanic thoroughly inspects exhaust systems, air ducting, firewalls and door and window seals during an annual or 100-hr inspection. Always perform an advanced preflight inspection after maintenance.
3. Become familiar with the aircraft’s exhaust system and with any related airworthiness directive, advisory circular and service bulletin. Speak with the mechanic about regular inspections, the condition of the muffler and the replacement schedule of parts.
4. In preflight inspections, check the security and condition of the exhaust system and for cracks at the end of the muffler. If there are signs of soot or exhaust flames, do not fly the aircraft until it is inspected by a mechanic. If the muffler is not where it can be seen, inspect the shroud for any evidence of soot that could indicate a crack in the muffler.
5. Don’t hesitate to act if during flight, you believe you may have been exposed to CO.
Early symptoms are vague and may involve a headache or nausea. They also may include impaired judgment, disorientation or dizziness. Prolonged exposure may have dangerous effects on the ability to fly the aircraft.
In the event of exposure, open windows, turn off the heat, land as soon as possible and seek emergency medical attention.
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