The Senate on March 6 confirmed Kathryn Sullivan, an Earth scientist and oceanographer who was one of the first women chosen as a NASA astronaut, to be the next undersecretary of commerce for oceans and atmosphere and administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

An increase in funding of almost 5% is being sought for the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (Darpa) in Fiscal 2015 as several programs enter the hardware demonstration phase. The Pentagon is requesting $2.92 billion for Darpa in 2015, up from $2.78 billion in 2014—which was an increase of almost 8% over the $2.58 billion provided in 2013.

Japanese engineers have ground tested a turbojet in conditions equivalent to Mach 4, which they believe is the highest simulated speed at which a turbine engine has operated. The February round of tests was a step toward building an engine that, unlike ramjets, has the thrust and efficiency advantages of mechanical compression and the ability to propel an aircraft from takeoff to Mach 5.

Launch schedule issues at Cape Canaveral, including launch of a classified U.S. government spacecraft known as Clio, may force NASA to delay its long-planned first flight of the Orion deep-space crew capsule from mid-September into October. The agency says Orion prime contractor Lockheed Martin still could meet the earlier launch date, currently listed as Sept. 18.

The U.S. Air Force is expected to offer half of the 14 launches it had anticipated would be suitable for competition from 2015-2017, limiting the near-term opportunities for Space Exploration Technologies (SpaceX) to duel with rival United Launch Alliance. The service inked a deal in January with ULA for 36-50 Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) cores over the next five years; 36 of them are guaranteed, and 14 were considered potentially open for bids.

GREENBELT, Md. — The discovery of water geysers over the south pole of Jupiter’s moon Europa has spurred NASA managers to begin working in earnest toward a New Frontiers-class flyby mission there in the 2020s.

BEIJING — Japan’s proposed H-X rocket program is moving ahead, with country’s space agency calling for a private company to develop, build and operate the family of space launchers. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, prime contractor and operator of the current H-IIA and H-IIB launchers, is the only conceivable supplier for the H-X, which will presumably be given the permanent name H-III when full-scale development begins.

HOUSTON — NASA’s $886 million portion of President Obama’s $56 billion, government-wide Opportunity, Growth and Security (OGS) initiative would be spread across seven areas — most notably the agency’s Commercial Crew Program (CCP) to restore domestic human launch capability to the International Space Station (ISS). Split equally between defense and non-defense programs, OGS could raise NASA’s proposed $17.5 billion stay-the-course budget for 2015 by 5%, or to a level the agency would not otherwise approach until 2019.