Hurricane Sandy came and went in late 2012, as did many of the startup issues at Virginia’s Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport (MARS), elevating the prospects that Orbital Sciences Corp. will complete its NASA Commercial Orbital Transportation Systems program milestones in the new year and begin lucrative cargo deliveries to the International Space Station.

SPACE LEGISLATION: Congress on Jan. 2 extended for one year an indemnification program allowing the government to share the cost with industry against injuries or property damage suffered by the public in a commercial space launch. The House sought a two-year extension, but the Senate shortened the timeline. The bill also provides a waiver through 2020 allowing U.S. astronauts to fly aboard Russian spacecraft to gain access to the International Space Station.

Five years ago, the idea of easing export controls on commercial satellites was politically unthinkable. That mindset has changed during the last half-decade, as the idea that those restrictions are harming both national security and the U.S. industrial base has gradually gained traction. And now, during a year in which the U.S. Congress barely passed even routine bills, lawmakers came together to shed long-standing restrictions on the export of commercial satellites.

Engineers reached a milestone in the development of the parachute recovery system for NASA’s Orion deep space crew vehicle on Dec. 20, as a 21,000-lb. spacecraft simulator floated to an intact landing at the U.S. Army’s Yuma Proving Ground in Arizona, following an intentional drogue chute failure. Drop tests of the four-person capsule are scheduled to resume in February with an intentional main chute failure.

An engineering board has cleared the first element of NASA’s heavy-lift Space Launch System (SLS) for preliminary manufacturing, keeping the big new government-owned rocket on track for a first flight with the Orion multipurpose crew vehicle in 2017.

Two of the leading contenders for the $30 million Google Lunar X Prize have merged, pooling their technical and marketing resources to push for a robotic mission to the Moon’s surface early in 2015. Moon Express Inc., a Silicon Valley startup going after the X Prize as its first step toward a commercial payload-delivery business, acquired the Rocket City Space Pioneers team in an acquisition agreement with Dynetics.

A system developed to provide precise positioning in areas denied signals from navigation satellites is to be deployed to enable testing of military GPS receiver performance during jamming. The ground-based non-GPS positioning system from Locata is also being looked at as a backup at critical national infrastructure sites that use GPS for precise timing, such as mobile communications, electronic commerce and power-grid synchronization.

Government satellite operators in the U.K. and Mexico are taking delivery of two large telecommunications satellites following the night launch of the 10th Ariane V mission this year. Liftoff of the big European rocket came at 4:49 p.m. EST (6:49 p.m. local time) Wednesday from the European launch center at Kourou, French Guiana. On board were Skynet 5D and Mexsat Bicentenario.